Soubor:Thyroid hormone synthesis.png

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Obrázek + Description: English: Synthesis of thyroid hormones.

• Reference:
  • Chapter 48, "SYNTHESIS OF THYROID HORMONES" in: Walter F., PhD. Boron (2003) Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach, Elsevier/Saunders, pp. 1,300 ISBN: 1-4160-2328-3.
• Explanation
  • Thyroglobulin is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and follows the secretory pathway to enter the colloid in the lumen of the thyroid follicle by exocytosis.
  • Meanwhile, a sodium-iodide (Na/I) symporter pumps iodide (I-) actively into the cell, which previously has crossed the endothelium by largely unknown mechanisms.
  • This iodide enters the follicular lumen from the cytoplasm by the transporter pendrin, in a purportedly passive manner.[1]
  • In the colloid, iodide (I-) is oxidized to iodine (I0) by an enzyme called thyroid peroxidase.
  • Iodine (I0) is very reactive and iodinates the thyroglobulin at tyrosyl residues in its protein chain (in total containing approximately 120 tyrosyl residues).
  • In conjugation, adjacent tyrosyl residues are paired together.
  • The entire complex re-enters the follicular cell by endocytosis.
  • Proteolysis by various proteases liberates thyroxine and triiodothyronine molecules, which enter the blood by largely unknown mechanisms.
• Additional references for details
  • How Iodide Reaches its Site of Utilisation in the Thyroid Gland – Involvement of Solute Carrier 26A4 (Pendrin) and Solute Carrier 5A8 (Apical Iodide Transporter) - a report by Bernard A Rousset. Touch Brieflings 2007
• Date: 16 June 2011
• Author: Mikael Häggström

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současná	29. 10. 2022, 16:25		3 195×2 000 (2,13 MB)	Sysop (diskuse | příspěvky)	(Fotografie + )

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